Installation of a PV surge protection device is essential to protect solar power systems from destructive voltage surges originating from lightning or power surges. Installation will ensure that the device safely diverts the excess voltage away from sensitive equipment, such as inverters and controllers, thereby preserving system integrity. Installation of an SPD requires careful consideration in terms of the system voltage, location, and effective grounding for optimal performance.
For the installation, choose an SPD whose rating corresponds to the maximum DC voltage of the system, which usually ranges between 600 and 1,500 volts in commercial installations. The clamping voltage for the SPD should correspond with the operating voltage so that it does not interfere with the normal operations while responding accordingly to surges. Most PV systems in areas with a high risk of lightning use SPDs rated up to surges of 40 kA for strong protection of components that could be damaged at great expense.
Placement is critical; SPDs are to be fitted as close to the inverter or other sensitive equipment as possible to reduce the length of wiring. This, in turn, reduces resistance, improving surge suppression efficiency. The IEC 61643-31 standard provides that less wiring between the SPD and the protected equipment can ensure response time, making the device act within nanoseconds to prevent surge-related damage. Locating the SPD near the inverter also enables the protection of other downstream system components as the device’s protective range becomes maximized within the system.
Another important aspect concerning the installation of an SPD is grounding. A proper ground connection ensures that excess voltage is directed to safety away from the system. According to the National Electrical Code, the grounding conductor shall be as short and directly placed as possible to lower impedance. Poor grounding can lead to reducing the effectiveness of an SPD while, worse still, increasing the likelihood of damage despite having a very good quality device. In respect of complex systems, consulting a licensed electrician helps in tracking observed local regulations and enhancing safety.
Indeed, states solar expert Mike Holt: “The difference between full operation at minimal downtime following an outage when surges from power lines trigger the storm comes down to a well-implemented installation by the PV Surge Protection Device“. If properly taken, with this instruction; be well certain that your Surge Protection device should be at best operational performances in securing a well made solar investment; thereby getting an added more life as long as components in major systems would call for extended service.